Stephen Walsh B. Sc.
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MAXIMAL AEROBIC SPEED: A GUIDE TO IMPROVING ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE

21/3/2026

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MAXIMAL AEROBIC SPEED: A GUIDE TO IMPROVING ENDURANCE AND PERFORMANCE

For athletes involved in endurance sports - or any sport that requires sustained high-intensity effort - understanding your Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) can be a game-changer. While it's a concept often utilised by elite coaches and sports scientists, MAS is increasingly gaining attention among athletes at all levels. Knowing your MAS can help you tailor your training, improve endurance, and enhance your overall athletic performance.
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In this article, we’ll dive into the science behind MAS, how it impacts performance in endurance sports, and why every athlete should be aware of their MAS.

What Is Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS)?

Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) is defined as the lowest running speed at which an athlete reaches their VO₂ max - the maximum rate at which the body can take in and use oxygen during exercise. Essentially, MAS is the speed you can sustain using your aerobic energy system, meaning the system that uses oxygen to fuel exercise. At this speed, your body can supply enough oxygen to the working muscles to maintain activity without producing excessive fatigue. If you push beyond your MAS, you start using your anaerobic energy system, which doesn't rely on oxygen but causes a buildup of lactic acid. Lactic acid accumulation can lead to muscle fatigue and a decrease in performance.

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Maximal Aerobic Speed Workouts: 3 Proven Sessions to Boost Endurance and Speed

21/3/2026

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⏱️ Need to find your MAS baseline first?
> You cannot run these intervals effectively if you are guessing your target times. Before you start programming these sessions, use our Free Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) Calculator to get your exact baseline score and target interval speeds.

​​3 Common Workouts Based on Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) Scores

Here are three effective MAS-based workouts tailored to improve your aerobic capacity, speed, and endurance:
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1. Short Intervals for Speed and Endurance

15 Seconds On, 15 Seconds Off @ 120% MAS
  • Objective: Develop aerobic capacity and improve high-speed endurance.
  • Work: Run for 15 seconds at 120% of your MAS.
  • Rest: Walk or jog for 15 seconds.
  • Reps: 8-12 repetitions per set.
  • Sets: 2-3 sets with a 4-minute rest between sets.
  • Example: If your MAS is 4 m/s, run 60 meters (4 x 15) in 15 seconds.

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TOP 5 EXERCISES TO INCREASE YOUR SPEED

21/3/2026

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TOP 5 EXERCISES TO INCREASE YOUR SPEED

If you want to stand out on the pitch, raw effort isn't enough - you need explosive speed. At Atlas High Performance, our programmes are designed to make athletes faster, sharper, and undeniably confident when changing direction. We’ve reverse-engineered the proven sprint training methods of world-class coaches like Les Spellman, Tony Holler, and Speedworks to build the best athletic development program. Stop wasting time with generic fitness drills - here are the 5 best exercises for speed to help any athlete accelerate faster and leave the competition behind.

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Best Exercises to Improve Sprint Speed

21/3/2026

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Best Exercises to Improve Sprint Speed

Sprinting is the ultimate competitive advantage, whether you’re a GAA forward, a rugby winger, or a track athlete. If you want to increase your sprint speed, raw effort isn't enough. The key is to develop explosive power, efficient mechanics, and massive force production.

Many local athletes search for how to get faster, but the reality is that the best approach requires a combination of specific sprint drills, strength training, and plyometrics. Below, the coaches at Atlas High Performance break down the best exercises for speed so you can start training smarter right here in Limerick.​

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Understanding the Force-Velocity Curve | Atlas High Performance

15/3/2026

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Understanding the Force-Velocity Curve | Atlas HPC Limerick

In athletic development, the ability to produce high levels of power is the primary differentiator between average and elite performance. To optimise power output, coaches and sports scientists rely on a foundational biomechanical concept: the Force-Velocity Curve.

Understanding this inverse relationship allows us to move away from generalised programming and implement targeted, objective training interventions based on an athlete's specific physiological deficit.
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The Atlas High Performance Blueprint: Elite Performance Guide for Women’s Football

13/10/2025

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The Atlas High Performance Blueprint: Elite Performance Guide for Women’s Football

You’re dedicated. You put in the hours on the pitch, you perfect your touch, and you study the game. But you know there’s another level. You see the players on TV—the ones who seem to glide past defenders, win every header, and possess that explosive first step—and you ask yourself: what's the difference?

The gap between a good player and a truly elite one isn’t just about skill. It's about building a world-class physical engine to power that skill. At Atlas High Performance, we believe that understanding your unique physical profile is the first and most critical step on the journey to the top. It's not about guesswork; it's about data.
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This is your guide to understanding the physical qualities that define the best in the game, and how we measure them to build your personal blueprint for success.

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How to Plan Your Training Week for Match Day Performance: Smart Scheduling Tips for Athletes

7/8/2025

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How to Plan Your Training Week for Match Day Performance: Smart Scheduling Tips for Athletes

Planning a training week can feel overwhelming, especially when schedules change, competitions pile up, and you’re not sure where to fit your key sessions. In this article, we break down how we at Atlas HPC approach training week design for athletes — whether you’re in-season, juggling matches, or working towards a major competition.

By understanding competition priorities, training effects, and how to balance load and recovery, you can train smarter, avoid burnout, and be primed to perform when it counts.
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Performance Assessments at Atlas High Performance Centre – February 24th

13/2/2025

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Performance Assessments at Atlas High Performance Centre

Is your child looking to run faster, move better, and gain a competitive edge in their sport? Speed is a game-changer in football, rugby, GAA, and other field sports, and improving sprint mechanics can make all the difference. At Atlas High Performance Centre, we’re offering speed and performance assessments for young athletes (ages 11-16) throughout the year! This is a unique opportunity to measure and improve sprint speed, agility, and movement mechanics with expert coaching.

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ENERGY SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT - PART 2

9/6/2020

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ENERGY SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT - PART 2

After discussing energy systems as a whole and briefly introducing the phosphagen system - read about it again here if you missed it - we move onto part 2. This, in my own opinion is where things get confusing. Our main priority here will be to introduce the glycolytic system. This series of reactions happens WITHOUT the presence of oxygen. Here's where we introduce the famed lactate for the first time properly and talk about it - it is your friend not your enemy. If you can get a handle on this section, the rest of it is easy. This article is a bit biochemistry heavy so if you're not a fan of it, I suggest you look away now!

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ENERGY SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT - PART 1

8/5/2020

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ENERGY SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
​PART 1

To be fit - "of a suitable quality, standard, or type to meet the required purpose" . So, before we can think about getting fitter, we must first define the required purpose effectively.

As a strength and conditioning coach & sport scientist, I'm well aware that people perceive my main role within a sports team or with a client is to improve 'fitness'. While this is true, the term fitness itself means so much more. Very rarely do people specify which part of fitness they want to improve or how they are going to do it. Getting stronger, faster, leaner, more powerful could also classify as getting fitter. For the most part though, and it's going to make up the majority of this article, we'll be talking about the commonly thought about 'fit'. Being able to run further, being able to run faster for longer, being able to do something for longer before being tired, also known as 'work capacity'. What is it, how do we define it properly but most importantly, how can we train it properly.

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The Brain, The Nervous System & Sports Performance

1/4/2020

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The Brain, The Nervous System & Sports Performance

If there's a silver lining to be found in anything, I'll find it. Having the extra bit of time during lockdown has been a god send for me (and you). Extra time to absolutely nerd out on reading research papers and brush up on some of the stuff that I haven't particularly looked at in quite a while. Recently I've been looking into isometric muscle contractions and their role in maintaining/developing strength and including them in a programme with plyometrics and speed work. No matter how far I go down the rabbit hole , it all ends up back in one place, The Brain & The Nervous System. In  reality, when we talk about sports performance from a physical and a technical/tactical perspective we can't get away from the fact that The Brain rules everything. This article should help shed some light on that!

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Sprinting. How Can I Run Faster?

18/3/2020

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Sprinting - How Can I Run Faster?

In the majority of field sports, the victor is usually the athlete who can get from A to B in the shortest time possible. Being able to get to the ball before your opponent, getting into position quicker, making a 40 yard defensive run to win back possession, all critical moments in a game. These are the moments that can decide whether you're on the winning or losing side, I know which side I'd prefer to be on. Understanding how different factors can affect your overall speed is crucial for developing an effective training programme.

The second most important thing to understand is that there are vast difference between elite level sprinters and field sports athletes. Think about the amount of times that you will reach top end speeds? The likelihood is that you probably won't, and if you do, it will probably be because someone made a mistake on the pitch and you're bustin' your ass to try and recover for them. Everybody remember the time Cristiano Ronaldo raced a Spanish sprinter and was quicker than him around slalom poles? Is Ronaldo quicker than the sprinter? No he's not. But is he more efficient at accelerating, decelerating quickly and then accelerating again? Absolutely yes, and it's what makes him one of the best athletes in the world. Anyways, the point is, that instead of looking at top end speed improvement, the majority of your focus should be in the acceleration phase of sprinting. Everything less than 40m should become your sole focus. Anything outside of that would be a waste of precious training time to produce meaningful improvements in your specific sport. Accelerating, decelerating and changing direction is what will determine your success in your chosen sport. Not becoming a world class elite sprinter.

Now that that little introduction is out of the way, we can get into the meat of the dish. What factors affect our ability to accelerate quickly, what can we affect and what can't we?
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82 Days & Counting

15/10/2019

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82 Days & Counting

Injuries are the worst - at least for those of you who are consistently active and train regularly. It might be an over-exaggeration but that's how it feels. Obviously, there are many things happening in the world on a daily basis that are far worse than being injured for a smaller period of time, but we tend to not think like that.
82 Days & Counting​

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Introduction to Nutrition

14/10/2017

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Introduction to Nutrition

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HIERARCHY OF NUTRITION
Over the next couple of days we are going to explore what really matters when it comes to nutrition. By the end of this series, everything will be a lot clearer and you will finally be able to structure your own nutrition regardless of your goal.

​Below is the different elements of structuring a nutrition programme for an individual, ranked in order of importance from most to least. The most important at the bottom and the least at the top. How many people have you known to ask about what supplements they should be taking, without ever having thought about the important things that precede it. Unless those things are in place and taken care of, then supplements are pretty much null....

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Nutrition - The Truth

14/10/2017

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Nutrition - The Truth

When it comes to nutrition there's a tonne of places putting out information, but is it the right information? We have big TV companies producing shows but are they recruiting the right people to share that information. The reason I say this is because how many times have you been told something by someone in relation to nutrition, only for someone else to tell you something else contradictory a mere 60 minutes later? Trust me I hear it all the time. 
  • Carbs are bad for you.
  • Sugar makes you fat.
  • Fat causes heart disease.
  • Over consumption of protein will damage your kidneys and liver.
  • You can only digest 20g of protein in one sitting.
There isn't many things I haven't heard when it comes to nutrition from a variety of different people. But don't worry, once you've finished reading this (trust me you're going to want to keep reading), you'll know almost all you need to know about nutrition. Then you can get on with the more important things in life like enjoying yourself and not worrying about whether you can have that chocolate bar or ice cream at the weekend if you're trying to lose fat!

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Force-Velocity Curve: Stop Training Like A Bodybuilder and Start Training Like an Athlete

25/9/2017

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Force-Velocity Curve: Stop Training Like A Bodybuilder and Start Training Like an Athlete

The rise in access to information regarding health and fitness over the last several years can only be described as a good thing right? Yes, to a certain extent. If your an athlete, then it may be doing you more harm than good to pay too much heed to most of this information. What I'm referring to is the tendency for athletes involved in sport to mould their own training programme mirroring that of their favourite insta star or youtube sensation. The problem arises when they start training more like a bodybuilder focusing more on body composition and less on developing the necessary components that will contribute to athletic success. This latest addition to our blog is going to cover one major detail that very rarely gets discussed in relation to athletic development and sports performance, the Force-Velocity curve (below).

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Landing Mechanics & Athletic Development

27/4/2017

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Landing Mechanics & Athletic Development

Landing mechanics are exactly as they are implied, the mechanics of movement during the landing phase of a jump-landing movement. The importance of these are that nearly every sport (bar a select few) involve some sort of jumping-landing manoeuvre. The more prevalent these movements are, the more important correct landing mechanics become. These can also be extended to any movement which follows a land like changing direction or sprinting as your landing sets the foundation for the movement that follows. The following discussion will take you through exactly what you need to know both as a coach and as a players so you can better understand why they are significant.
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Kurt Zouma knee injury versus Manchester United in 2016.

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Core Training - The What, Why and How: Part 2

7/3/2017

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Core Training - The What, Why and How: Part 2

In part 1 we spoke about what the core was. We gave a detailed outline of the muscles/actions involved in the core musculature to set the foundation for the following discussion. It is recommended that if you haven't read it, you get over and read it right now by clicking here.

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Core Training - The What, Why and How: Part 1

26/1/2017

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Core Training - The What, Why and How: Part 1

The human body is a wonderful, complex and organised machine. Movement is at the heart of everything we do from 60” box jumps to sitting down breathing watching game of thrones. Movement is achieved by the interaction between bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles and of course the brain. With so much attention placed on certain exercises to improve the strength and function of certain muscles, it’s important to understand the fundamentals of movement. These include the origin and insertion of certain muscles and the roles and functions that those specific muscles have. Understanding these concepts are key to understanding the why and how behind movements and not just the what.


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ACL Injuries and Female Athletes

20/1/2017

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ACL Injuries and Female Athletes

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured areas of the knee. For those of you who have sustained one, will know it's a difficult (but not impossible one to come back from). There are roughly 1000 new ACL injuries every year in Ireland. So with approximately an 80% success rate from surgery, that's almost 200 people every year who may not play sport again! Not even beginning to talk about the implication to movement alone, work etc. So let's talk about it in more detail.

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Fatigue: What Is Stress?

10/11/2016

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Fatigue: What Is Stress?


Homoeostasis, is a mechanism within the body that keeps physiological processes functioning optimally. Stressors, are external events which essentially alter the processes in some form. For example, the weather becomes really hot and you begin to sweat. The stressor here is the heat, the homeostatic response is the body producing sweat to act to cool the body down. The human body is an amazing thing, constantly changing and adapting to the external environment to contain and preserve its internal well-being. ​

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Recommendations for Programme Prescription

5/10/2016

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Recommendations for Programme Prescription


This week’s instalment is aimed at providing you with a better understanding of HOW to integrate resistance training into a youth athletes training programme. It is not only enough to know the benefits but also how to safely implement it, considering all the variables that go along with programme prescription.
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The prescription of a strength and conditioning programme integrating some form of resistance training depends on a variety of different factors. As spoken about in the previous article, youth athletes should only begin resistance training when they are adequately able to follow instructions and are correctly supervised by an educated and experienced practitioner. The notion that children are too young is farfetched and unfortunately is negatively affecting the development of the majority of them. 

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Strength Training and Youth Athletes

15/9/2016

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Strength Training and Youth Athletes


In the past decade the amount of time our kids are outdoors playing has dramatically decreased. Owing to an increase in school work, increased ownership of handheld devices (tablets, iPads, mobile phones etc.), lack of open space and increased worry on behalf of the parents. 10-15 years ago children were climbing trees and playing street football, and nowadays they’re not, and as a result there are several implications for this. The biggest consequence of this is that their musculoskeletal system does not naturally develop, hence leading to a greater risk of injury during competitive sport. Now this doesn’t apply to everyone, there are some that are out 18 out of 24 hours of the day, 7 days a week, but that’s a discussion for another day. 

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    Check out our most read blog article of the year on "5 Best Exercises for Sprint Speed"

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  • Home
    • FREE STUFF >
      • Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) Calculator
      • Calorie & Hydration Calculator
      • Performance Nutrition Guide
      • ATLAS HIGH PERFORMANCE PODCAST
      • Written Articles
  • WHAT WE DO
    • PERSONAL TRAINING FOR PERFORMANCE
    • YOUTH ATHLETES SPEED TRAINING
    • Team Strength & Conditioning Sessions
  • WHO WE HELP
    • ENDURANCE RUNNERS >
      • Gianni Ciappara
    • Client Success Stories
    • What People Say About Us
  • Performance Workshops